Often linked to mental health, sexual exploitation of women and girls is empirically linked to substance abuse, and victims are generally more likely to use drugs than alcohol (Heilemann & Santhiveeran, 2011; Macy & Graham, 2012). For example, 75% of respondents in one study indicated having used drugs as compared to only 26% who had used alcohol (Farley et al., 2004). Female, homeless, and runaway youth are also particularly at higher risk for exchanging sex for drugs and general survival (Chen, Tyler, Whitbeck, & Hoyt, 2004; Lankenau, Clatts, Welle, Goldsamt, & Gwadz, 2004). The "honeymoon phase," as it is most commonly referred to, is used in IPV work to describe the process by which the abusive partner will show affection and love toward a partner before inflicting acts of violence and abuse (Gomez, 2010). With this showing of love and bonding with an abuser or exploiter, women would be more likely to defend their abusers in court or to the Aladin Harem police, as is often the case with sex trafficking victims (Wasco, 2003; Watts & Zimmerman, 2002). Victims or survivors of sexual exploitation and trafficking maintain increased rates of mental health issues such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and have elevated rates of trauma (Muftic & Finn, 2013; Pierce, 2012; Reid, 2011; Twill, Green, & Traylor, 2010; Wells & Mitchell, 2007


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All SINs services are available to sex workers via outreach, or you are welcome to visit our sex worker safe community space on South Rd. The BBC understands the boss of a degrading sex-trade ring that exploited vulnerable women in Dubai's most glamorous neighbourhoods has been detained in the United Arab Emirates. We also have a needle and syringe program (CNP) on premises and can assist those who inject drugs with peer support and free injecting equipment, as well as a disposal service Aladin Harem for used equipmen

Finally, the inability to provide accurate prevalence rates as well as controversies over extant data is well documented (Clawson et al., 2009; Greene et al., 1999; Macy & Graham, 2012) and increases the contextual confusion of the proble


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Explicit and exploitive song lyrics, "pimp and ho" parties and verbal expressions, as well as video games and TV shows such as "Pimp My Ride" all provide a social context for the acceptance of sexual exploitation against women and girls who are objectified for sex (de Chesnay, 2013, p. 118). The Academy Award–winning song "It’s Hard Out Here for a Pimp," from the film Hustle & Flow, sparked major criticism for its "disdain for women [that was] integral to the fantasy … of pimping" (Scott, 2005, p. 1). Moreover, many of these media images include women of color, adding increased normalization to the objectification of women, particularly nonwhite women. First, the TVPA is based on a prosecutorial foundation, requiring victims to cooperate with the prosecution of the trafficker (Jordan et al., 2013